Nonmetropolitan U.S. vs. New Hampshire Comparative Trends Analysis: Total Personal Income Growth and Change, 1969-2022 Introduction Nonmetropolitan U.S.: 2022 TPI = $2,314,026,455K 2022 Percent of State = 10.60% New Hampshire: 2022 TPI = $103,121,917K 2022 Percent of U.S. = 0.47% The annual total personal incomes (TPI) estimates compiled by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, (BEA) are among the most comprehensive, consistent, comparable and timely measures of economic activity available statewide and at the national levels. Personal income estimates are also the best available local level indicator of general purchasing power, and are therefore central to tracking and comparing county patterns of economic growth and change. The following graphs highlight trends in the pattern of growth and change in the total personal income of the Nonmetropolitan U.S. and New Hampshire with comparison to the nation. The data used are those compiled by the Regional Income and Product Divisions of the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. The 2017 constant dollar (real) estimates of total personal income reported in the tables and portrayed graphically below are determined using the Implicit Price Deflator for Personal Consumption. Data Definition: Personal income is the income received by persons from participation in production, plus transfer receipts from government and business, plus government interest (which is treated like a transfer receipt). It is defined as the sum of wages and salaries, supplements to wages and salaries, proprietors' income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments, rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment, personal dividend income, personal interest income, and personal current transfer receipts, less contributions for government social insurance. Because the personal income of an area represents the income that is received by, or on behalf of, all the persons who live in that area, and because the estimates of some components of personal income (wages and salaries, supplements to wages and salaries, and contributions for government social insurance) are made on a place-of-work basis, state personal income includes an adjustment for residence. The residence adjustment represents the net flow of compensation (less contributions for government social insurance) of interstate commuters. Nonmetropolitan U.S. Total Personal Income, 1970-2022 Current vs. Constant Dollars (Billions) Figure 1. Figure 1 depicts the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s annual total personal income over 1970-2022 in current and constant (2017) dollars. Constant dollar measurements remove the effects of inflation. They allow for comparison of changes in the real purchasing power of the Nonmetropolitan U.S. over time. When measured in current dollars, the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s total personal income increased 1,891.33%, from $116B in 1970 to $2,314B in 2022. When measured in constant 2017 dollars to adjust for inflation, it advanced 239.19%, from $588B in 1970 to $1,994B in 2022. Real Total Personal Income, 1969-2022 (Millions) Figure 2. Figure 2 tracks the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s and New Hampshire's annual real total personal income for the period 1969-2022 to illustrate real total personal income patterns over time. During this 54-year period, the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s real total personal income rose from $567,395M in 1969 to $1,994,111M in 2022, for a net gain of $1,426,716M, or 251.45%. In comparison, New Hampshire's real total personal income increased from $14,729M in 1969 to $88,865M in 2022, for a net advance of $74,136M, or 503.32%. Real Total Personal Income Indices (1969=100): 1969-2022 Figure 3. Figure 3 shows the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s real total personal income growth in a broader context by offering direct comparisons across time with New Hampshire, the United States. The growth indices shown here express each region's real total personal income in 1969 as a base figure of 100, and the real total personal incomes in later years as a percentage of the 1969 base figure. This method allows for more direct comparison of differences in real total personal income growth between regions that may differ vastly in size. The Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s overall real total personal income growth was 251.45% over 1969-2022 trailed New Hampshire's increase of 503.32%, and fell below the United States' increase of 348.76%. Total Personal Income as a Percent of the United States Total: 1969-2022 Figure 4. Another interesting and insightful way of contrasting the total personal income growth of the Nonmetropolitan U.S. and New Hampshire is to trace their individual percentage contributions to the United States' total total personal income over time, as shown in Figure 4. A rising share means a region's total personal income grew faster, or declined less, than the United States' total personal income, while a declining share shows they grew more slowly. In 1969, the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s total personal income comprised 13.54% of the United States' total personal income, while in 2022 it totaled 10.60% thereby yielding a -2.94% share-shift. Similarly, in 1969, New Hampshire's total personal income accounted for 0.35% of the United States' total personal income, while in 2022 it equated to 0.47%, resulting in a +0.12% share-shift.
Nonmetropolitan U.S. Real Total Personal Income: Annual Percent Change, 1970-2022 Figure 5. Figure 5 shows the short-run pattern of the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s real total personal income growth by tracking the year-to-year percent change over 1970-2022. The average annual percent change for the entire 53-year period is also illustrated on this chart to provide a benchmark for gauging periods of relative high--and relative low--growth against the backdrop of the long-term average. On average, the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s real total personal income grew at an annual rate of 2.43% over 1970-2022. The Nonmetropolitan U.S. recorded its highest growth in 1973 (11.09%) and posted its lowest growth in 2022 (-4.83%). In 2022, the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s real total personal income declined by -4.83% Nonmetropolitan U.S. Real Total Personal Income: Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1970-2022 Figure 6. Over the past five decades some nonmetropolitan regions have experienced extreme swings in growth, and often such swings have tended to coincide with the decades themselves. Figure 6 again traces the annual percent change in the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s real total personal income since 1970, but this time they are overlayed with average growth rates for the decade of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020-2022. During the 1970s, the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s annual real total personal income growth rate averaged 4.11%. It averaged 1.80% in the 1980s, 2.68% during the 1990s, 1.95% during the 2000s, 1.63% in the 2010s, 2.32% thus far this decade (2020-2022). Real Total Personal Income Growth: Average Annual Percent Change by Decade Figure 7. Figure 7 compares the decade average growth rates for the Nonmetropolitan U.S. noted in the previous graph with the corresponding decade averages for New Hampshire and the nation. As the chart reveals, the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s average annual real total personal income growth fell below New Hampshire's average in the 1970s (4.11% vs. 4.63%), fell below New Hampshire's average during the 1980s (1.80% vs. 5.63%), recorded under New Hampshire's average in the 1990s (2.68% vs. 3.15%), lagged New Hampshire's average throughout the 2000s (1.95% vs. 2.18%), lagged New Hampshire's average in the 2010s (1.63% vs. 2.42%), and recorded above New Hampshire's average over the 3 year period of the current decade, 2020-2022 (2.32% vs. 1.67%). Finally, relative to nationwide real total personal income growth trends, the Nonmetropolitan U.S. led the nation throughout the 1970s (4.11% vs. 3.50%), posted below the nation throughout the 1980s (1.80% vs. 3.16%), lagged the nation during the 1990s (2.68% vs. 3.27%), trailed the nation in the 2000s (1.95% vs. 2.06%), trailed the nation during the 2010s (1.63% vs. 2.72%), and outgained the nation over 2020-2022 (2.32% vs. 2.10%).
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