Nonmetropolitan U.S. vs. New Hampshire
Comparative Trends Analysis:
Total Employment Growth and Change, 1969-2022
Introduction
Nonmetropolitan U.S. vs. New Hampshire
Nonmetropolitan U.S.:
2022 Jobs = 24,265,558
2022 Percent of State = 11.42%
New Hampshire:
2022 Jobs = 933,022
2022 Percent of U.S. = 0.44%
Employment numbers remain the most popular and frequently cited statistics used for tracking local area economic conditions and trends. The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) employment estimates reported measure the number of full- and part-time wage and salary employees, plus the number of proprietors of unincorporated businesses. People holding more than one job are counted in the employment estimates for each job they hold. This means BEA employment estimates represent a job count, not a people count. Also, BEA employment is by place-of-work, rather than by place-of-residence. Jobs held by neighboring county residents who commute to the Nonmetropolitan U.S. to work are included in the employment count for the Nonmetropolitan U.S..
Data Definition:
The BEA employment series for states and local areas comprises estimates of the number of jobs, full-time plus part-time, by place of work. Full-time and part-time jobs are counted at equal weight. Employees, sole proprietors, and active partners are included, but unpaid family workers and volunteers are not included. Proprietors employment consists of the number of sole proprietorships and the number of partners in partnerships. The description "by place of work" applies to the wage and salary portion of the series and, with relatively little error, to the entire series. The proprietors employment portion of the series, however, is more nearly by place of residence because, for nonfarm sole proprietorships, the estimates are based on IRS tax data that reflect the address from which the proprietor's individual tax return is filed, which is usually the proprietor's residence. The nonfarm partnership portion of the proprietors employment series reflects the tax-filing address of the partnership, which may be either the residence of one of the partners or the business address of the partnership. The employment estimates are designed to be consistent with the estimates of wages and salaries and proprietors' income that are part of the personal income series. The employment estimates are based on the same sets of source data as the corresponding earnings estimates and are prepared with parallel methodologies. Two forms of proprietors' income-the income of limited partnerships and the income of tax-exempt cooperatives-have no corresponding employment estimates.
Total Employment, 1969-2022
Total Employment, 1969-2022
Figure 1.
Figure 1 traces the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s and New Hampshire's annual total employment for the period 1969-2022 to illustrate total employment patterns over time. During this 54-year period, the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s total employment rose from 14,720,530 in 1969 to 24,265,558 in 2022, for a net gain of 9,545,028, or 64.84%. In comparison, New Hampshire's total employment increased from 334,070 in 1969 to 933,022 in 2022, for a net gain of 598,952, or 179.29%.
Total Employment Indices (1969=100): 1969-2022
Total Employment Indices (1969=100): 1969-2022
Figure 2.
Figure 2 portrays the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s total employment growth in a broader context by offering direct comparisons across time with New Hampshire, the United States. The growth indices shown here express each region's total employment in 1969 as a base figure of 100, and the total employments in later years as a percentage of the 1969 base figure. This method allows for more direct comparison of differences in total employment growth between regions that may differ vastly in size.
The Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s overall total employment growth was 64.84% over 1969-2022 trailed New Hampshire's increase of 179.29%, and fell below the United States' increase of 133.32%.
Total Employment as a Percent of the United States Total: 1969-2022
Total Employment as a Percent of the United States Total: 1969-2022
Figure 3.
Another interesting and insightful way of highlighting the total employment growth of the Nonmetropolitan U.S. and New Hampshire is to compare their individual percentage contributions to the United States' total total employment over time, as shown in Figure 3. A rising share means a region's total employment grew faster, or declined less, than the United States' total employment, while a declining share shows they grew more slowly.
In 1969, the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s total employment totaled 16.17% of the United States' total employment, while in 2022 it equated to 11.42% thereby yielding a -4.74% share-shift. Similarly, in 1969, New Hampshire's total employment accounted for 0.37% of the United States' total employment, while in 2022 it accounted for 0.44%, resulting in a +0.07% share-shift.
   
 
Total Employment Share-Shift
2022 vs. 1969
 
Share-
Shift*
 
2022
vs.
1969
+0.07%
=
0.44%
-
0.37%
-4.74%
=
11.42%
-
16.17%
 
   
Nonmetropolitan U.S. Total Employment:
Annual Percent Change, 1970-2022
Nonmetropolitan U.S. Total Employment:
Annual Percent Change, 1970-2022
Figure 4.
Figure 4 highlights the short-run pattern of the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s total employment growth by tracking the year-to-year percent change over 1970-2022. The average annual percent change for the entire 53-year period is also traced on this chart to provide a benchmark for gauging periods of relative high--and relative low--growth against the backdrop of the long-term average.
On average, the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s total employment grew at an annual rate of 0.96% over 1970-2022. The Nonmetropolitan U.S. posted its highest growth in 1973 (3.63%) and posted its lowest growth in 2009 (-3.30%). In 2022, the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s total employment grew by 3.15%
Nonmetropolitan U.S. Total Employment:
Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1970-2022
Nonmetropolitan U.S. Total Employment:
Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1970-2022
Figure 5.
Over the past five decades some nonmetropolitan regions have experienced extreme swings in growth, and often such swings have tended to coincide with the decades themselves. Figure 5 again traces the annual percent change in the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s total employment since 1970, but this time they are overlayed with average growth rates for the decade of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020-2022.
During the 1970s, the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s annual total employment growth rate averaged 1.94%. It averaged 0.80% throughout the 1980s, 1.62% in the 1990s, 0.04% during the 2000s, 0.37% throughout the 2010s, 0.98% thus far this decade (2020-2022).
Total Employment Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change by Decade
Total Employment Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change by Decade
Figure 6.
Figure 6 compares the decade average growth rates for the Nonmetropolitan U.S. noted in the previous graph with the corresponding decade averages for New Hampshire and the nation. As the chart reveals, the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s average annual total employment growth lagged New Hampshire's average in the 1970s (1.94% vs. 3.47%), lagged New Hampshire's average in the 1980s (0.80% vs. 3.52%), surpassed New Hampshire's average throughout the 1990s (1.62% vs. 1.47%), amounted to less than New Hampshire's average in the 2000s (0.04% vs. 0.77%), trailed New Hampshire's average during the 2010s (0.37% vs. 0.82%), and recorded under New Hampshire's average over the 3 year period of the current decade, 2020-2022 (0.98% vs. 1.65%).
Finally, relative to nationwide total employment growth trends, the Nonmetropolitan U.S. trailed the nation in the 1970s (1.94% vs. 2.21%), fell under the nation over the 1980s (0.80% vs. 1.88%), recorded underneath the nation over the 1990s (1.62% vs. 1.73%), posted below the nation in the 2000s (0.04% vs. 0.74%), fell below the nation in the 2010s (0.37% vs. 1.51%), and fell below the nation over 2020-2022 (0.98% vs. 1.82%).
   
 
Total Employment Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change
 
 
 
0.96
1.94
0.80
1.62
0.04
0.37
0.98
3.15
 
1.99
3.47
3.52
1.47
0.77
0.82
1.65
4.28
 
1.62
2.21
1.88
1.73
0.74
1.51
1.82
4.78
 
   
Job Ratios (Employment/Population): 1969-2022
Job Ratios (Employment/Population): 1969-2022
Figure 7.
The job ratios shown in Figure 7 for the Nonmetropolitan U.S., New Hampshire and the nation not only portray a number of important trends, they also serves as a thumbnail guide to evaluating an economy's capacity to generate enough jobs fast enough to absorb the increasing number of workers attendant to a growing population. The job ratio is the number of full-time and part-time jobs by place of work, divided by population.
Nationally, the job ratio rose from 0.45 to 0.64 between 1969 and 2022. the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s job ratio registered 0.41 in 1969, and 0.53 in 2022. Underlying the rising job ratio over the past several decades have been the increases in the labor force participation rates, with the number and proportion of women in the labor market playing a leading role.
An assortment of other factors can contribute to regional differences in the job ratio. They include differences in the proportion of elderly and retirees who no longer work and participate in the labor force, differences in the number and proportion of part-time vs. full-time workers, differences in industry composition, and differences in age and sex distribution and degree of urbanization. Also, a disproportionate number of workers commuting to work outside a county tends to lower its local county job ratio, while a net inflow of workers commuting to work inside the county tends to augment its local county job ratio.
Avoid interpreting the job ratio as the fraction (or percent) of the local population employed. This interpretation should only apply to the "employment-population ratio" statistic compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from the Current Population Survey (CPS).
Job Ratios (Employment/Population)
as a Percent of the U.S. Average:
1969-2022
Job Ratios (Employment/Population)
as a Percent of the U.S. Average:
1969-2022
Figure 8.
To highlight trends in a local job ratio relative to nationwide trends, Figure 8 tracks the Nonmetropolitan U.S.'s, New Hampshire's, and the United States' job ratio as a percent of the national job ratio over 1969-2022.

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
Nonmetropolitan U.S.:
Total Employment, 1969-2022
 
1969
 
14,720,530
100.0
N
16.17
0.41
90.44
1970
 
14,748,501
100.2
0.19
16.16
0.41
91.15
1971
 
14,890,429
101.2
0.96
16.26
0.41
91.60
1972
 
15,317,820
104.1
2.87
16.24
0.41
91.30
1973
 
15,874,366
107.8
3.63
16.13
0.42
90.73
1974
 
16,135,490
109.6
1.64
16.12
0.43
90.80
1975
 
15,967,647
108.5
-1.04
16.15
0.42
90.53
1976
 
16,522,489
112.2
3.47
16.26
0.43
91.03
1977
 
16,956,212
115.2
2.63
16.14
0.43
90.20
1978
 
17,475,438
118.7
3.06
15.93
0.44
89.14
1979
 
17,829,543
121.1
2.03
15.76
0.44
88.28
1980
 
17,790,795
120.9
-0.22
15.61
0.44
87.69
1981
 
17,833,385
121.1
0.24
15.52
0.44
87.52
1982
 
17,589,170
119.5
-1.37
15.41
0.43
87.23
1983
 
17,754,990
120.6
0.94
15.35
0.43
87.39
1984
 
18,177,342
123.5
2.38
15.08
0.44
86.49
1985
 
18,269,337
124.1
0.51
14.76
0.45
85.54
1986
 
18,272,890
124.1
0.02
14.48
0.45
84.98
1987
 
18,631,909
126.6
1.96
14.38
0.46
85.42
1988
 
19,009,757
129.1
2.03
14.23
0.47
85.34
1989
 
19,305,764
131.1
1.56
14.18
0.47
85.77
1990
 
19,633,134
133.4
1.70
14.19
0.48
86.64
1991
 
19,689,712
133.8
0.29
14.31
0.48
87.79
1992
 
19,924,328
135.4
1.19
14.42
0.48
88.88
1993
 
20,397,334
138.6
2.37
14.49
0.49
89.55
1994
 
20,974,153
142.5
2.83
14.55
0.49
90.12
1995
 
21,494,208
146.0
2.48
14.53
0.50
90.18
1996
 
21,790,896
148.0
1.38
14.43
0.50
89.83
1997
 
22,174,735
150.6
1.76
14.35
0.51
89.80
1998
 
22,459,502
152.6
1.28
14.17
0.51
89.23
1999
 
22,661,454
153.9
0.90
14.03
0.51
88.91
2000
 
22,974,376
156.1
1.38
13.89
0.52
88.66
2001
 
22,646,178
153.8
-1.43
13.68
0.51
88.11
2002
 
22,504,553
152.9
-0.63
13.63
0.51
88.37
2003
 
22,469,318
152.6
-0.16
13.54
0.50
88.25
2004
 
22,710,831
154.3
1.07
13.45
0.51
88.13
2005
 
23,030,040
156.4
1.41
13.36
0.51
88.01
2006
 
23,315,298
158.4
1.24
13.26
0.52
87.66
2007
 
23,638,907
160.6
1.39
13.17
0.52
87.53
2008
 
23,508,541
159.7
-0.55
13.12
0.52
87.73
2009
 
22,733,701
154.4
-3.30
13.09
0.50
88.15
2010
 
22,587,173
153.4
-0.64
13.06
0.49
88.52
2011
 
22,826,695
155.1
1.06
12.96
0.50
88.58
2012
 
22,983,730
156.1
0.69
12.84
0.50
88.59
2013
 
23,165,208
157.4
0.79
12.71
0.51
88.43
2014
 
23,377,210
158.8
0.92
12.55
0.51
88.17
2015
 
23,464,875
159.4
0.38
12.33
0.52
87.39
2016
 
23,453,989
159.3
-0.05
12.13
0.52
86.69
2017
 
23,484,972
159.5
0.13
11.96
0.52
86.11
2018
 
23,667,209
160.8
0.78
11.82
0.52
85.58
2019
 
23,587,326
160.2
-0.34
11.70
0.52
85.17
2020
 
22,952,275
155.9
-2.69
11.75
0.51
85.96
2021
 
23,525,315
159.8
2.50
11.60
0.52
84.87
2022
 
24,265,558
164.8
3.15
11.42
0.53
83.77
Source: Calculations by the New Hampshire Regional Economic Analysis Project (NH-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2023
REAP_PI_CA1400_1000_PSN
 
   

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
New Hampshire:
Total Employment, 1969-2022
 
1969
 
334,070
100.0
N
0.37
0.46
102.01
1970
 
333,695
99.9
-0.11
0.37
0.45
100.42
1971
 
336,311
100.7
0.78
0.37
0.44
99.65
1972
 
349,678
104.7
3.97
0.37
0.45
99.26
1973
 
374,038
112.0
6.97
0.38
0.47
100.17
1974
 
380,712
114.0
1.78
0.38
0.47
99.29
1975
 
370,436
110.9
-2.70
0.37
0.45
97.23
1976
 
393,755
117.9
6.30
0.39
0.46
99.55
1977
 
418,419
125.2
6.26
0.40
0.48
100.40
1978
 
445,596
133.4
6.50
0.41
0.50
100.93
1979
 
467,512
139.9
4.92
0.41
0.51
101.75
1980
 
481,610
144.2
3.02
0.42
0.52
103.88
1981
 
491,780
147.2
2.11
0.43
0.53
104.85
1982
 
498,144
149.1
1.29
0.44
0.53
106.66
1983
 
517,638
154.9
3.91
0.45
0.54
109.22
1984
 
553,158
165.6
6.86
0.46
0.57
110.79
1985
 
585,708
175.3
5.88
0.47
0.59
112.93
1986
 
617,430
184.8
5.42
0.49
0.60
114.58
1987
 
634,718
190.0
2.80
0.49
0.60
112.60
1988
 
659,854
197.5
3.96
0.49
0.61
111.58
1989
 
659,566
197.4
-0.04
0.48
0.60
108.23
1990
 
642,570
192.3
-2.58
0.46
0.58
104.24
1991
 
616,340
184.5
-4.08
0.45
0.56
102.08
1992
 
628,633
188.2
1.99
0.45
0.56
104.41
1993
 
641,906
192.1
2.11
0.46
0.57
104.93
1994
 
665,701
199.3
3.71
0.46
0.58
106.32
1995
 
679,441
203.4
2.06
0.46
0.59
105.66
1996
 
695,920
208.3
2.43
0.46
0.59
105.65
1997
 
716,703
214.5
2.99
0.46
0.60
106.31
1998
 
743,341
222.5
3.72
0.47
0.62
107.29
1999
 
760,763
227.7
2.34
0.47
0.62
107.54
2000
 
783,545
234.5
2.99
0.47
0.63
107.83
2001
 
788,168
235.9
0.59
0.48
0.63
108.08
2002
 
788,485
236.0
0.04
0.48
0.62
108.24
2003
 
797,649
238.8
1.16
0.48
0.62
108.97
2004
 
812,824
243.3
1.90
0.48
0.63
109.26
2005
 
825,602
247.1
1.57
0.48
0.64
109.03
2006
 
835,584
250.1
1.21
0.48
0.64
108.35
2007
 
848,007
253.8
1.49
0.47
0.65
108.40
2008
 
844,885
252.9
-0.37
0.47
0.64
108.95
2009
 
820,826
245.7
-2.85
0.47
0.62
110.19
2010
 
813,758
243.6
-0.86
0.47
0.62
110.55
2011
 
818,810
245.1
0.62
0.46
0.62
109.69
2012
 
824,378
246.8
0.68
0.46
0.62
109.08
2013
 
835,032
250.0
1.29
0.46
0.63
108.98
2014
 
844,521
252.8
1.14
0.45
0.63
108.10
2015
 
860,652
257.6
1.91
0.45
0.64
108.31
2016
 
873,123
261.4
1.45
0.45
0.65
108.37
2017
 
882,481
264.2
1.07
0.45
0.65
108.00
2018
 
892,584
267.2
1.14
0.45
0.65
107.27
2019
 
890,072
266.4
-0.28
0.44
0.65
106.26
2020
 
858,471
257.0
-3.55
0.44
0.62
105.71
2021
 
894,739
267.8
4.22
0.44
0.64
105.60
2022
 
933,022
279.3
4.28
0.44
0.67
104.91
Source: Calculations by the New Hampshire Regional Economic Analysis Project (NH-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2023
REAP_PI_CA1400_1000_PSN
 
   

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
United States:
Total Employment, 1969-2022
 
1969
 
91,053,200
100.0
N
0.45
1970
 
91,277,600
100.2
0.25
0.45
1971
 
91,581,400
100.6
0.33
0.44
1972
 
94,312,200
103.6
2.98
0.45
1973
 
98,427,500
108.1
4.36
0.47
1974
 
100,111,800
109.9
1.71
0.47
1975
 
98,900,600
108.6
-1.21
0.46
1976
 
101,591,200
111.6
2.72
0.47
1977
 
105,042,200
115.4
3.40
0.48
1978
 
109,686,600
120.5
4.42
0.49
1979
 
113,147,100
124.3
3.15
0.50
1980
 
113,983,200
125.2
0.74
0.50
1981
 
114,914,000
126.2
0.82
0.50
1982
 
114,163,300
125.4
-0.65
0.49
1983
 
115,645,700
127.0
1.30
0.49
1984
 
120,528,100
132.4
4.22
0.51
1985
 
123,796,700
136.0
2.71
0.52
1986
 
126,232,300
138.6
1.97
0.53
1987
 
129,548,400
142.3
2.63
0.53
1988
 
133,563,900
146.7
3.10
0.55
1989
 
136,177,800
149.6
1.96
0.55
1990
 
138,330,900
151.9
1.58
0.55
1991
 
137,612,800
151.1
-0.52
0.54
1992
 
138,166,100
151.7
0.40
0.54
1993
 
140,774,400
154.6
1.89
0.54
1994
 
144,196,600
158.4
2.43
0.55
1995
 
147,915,800
162.4
2.58
0.56
1996
 
151,056,200
165.9
2.12
0.56
1997
 
154,541,200
169.7
2.31
0.57
1998
 
158,481,200
174.1
2.55
0.57
1999
 
161,531,300
177.4
1.92
0.58
2000
 
165,370,800
181.6
2.38
0.59
2001
 
165,522,200
181.8
0.09
0.58
2002
 
165,095,100
181.3
-0.26
0.57
2003
 
165,921,500
182.2
0.50
0.57
2004
 
168,839,700
185.4
1.76
0.58
2005
 
172,338,400
189.3
2.07
0.58
2006
 
175,868,600
193.1
2.05
0.59
2007
 
179,543,700
197.2
2.09
0.60
2008
 
179,213,900
196.8
-0.18
0.59
2009
 
173,636,700
190.7
-3.11
0.57
2010
 
172,901,700
189.9
-0.42
0.56
2011
 
176,091,700
193.4
1.84
0.56
2012
 
178,979,700
196.6
1.64
0.57
2013
 
182,328,100
200.2
1.87
0.58
2014
 
186,239,800
204.5
2.15
0.58
2015
 
190,325,800
209.0
2.19
0.59
2016
 
193,425,900
212.4
1.63
0.60
2017
 
196,394,100
215.7
1.53
0.60
2018
 
200,292,200
220.0
1.98
0.61
2019
 
201,635,200
221.4
0.67
0.61
2020
 
195,286,600
214.5
-3.15
0.59
2021
 
202,752,100
222.7
3.82
0.61
2022
 
212,442,000
233.3
4.78
0.64
Source: Calculations by the New Hampshire Regional Economic Analysis Project (NH-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2023
REAP_PI_CA1400_1000_PN
 
   
Copyright © 2023. Pacific Northwest Regional Economic Analysis Project (PNREAP). All Rights Reserved.

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